Sarojini Naidu Life Biography - 961 Words

Sarojini Naidu: Life Biography: Sarojini Naidu, nicknamed Bharatiya Kokila ,The Nightingale of India, was the first woman president of the of the India National Congress, and she was the first woman to become an appointed governess of a state, Uttar Pradesh, in India. She was born in Hyderabad, India on February 13, 1879. Sarojini was raised by her father, Aghoranath Chattopadhyaya, and her mother, Barada Sundari Devi. She was the oldest amongst eight other siblings. Her mother was a poetess and her father was a scientist and a philosopher, as well as the founder of the college Sarojini first attended, the Nizam College. At Nizam, she was awarded a scholarship for her play Maher Muneer, which extended her education to study abroad. The†¦show more content†¦She had also taken part in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement, where she had been jailed along with other leaders. In her participation of the movements she opened the eyes of the women of India. She took them out of t he old-ages where they stayed at home and cooked in the kitchen. She helped fight for women s rights, and regained the individual self-esteem of India s women. Sarojini had become an icon for India by the time her life ended in Lucknow, India on March 2, 1949. She had become a distinguished poet, an activist for women s rights, as well as one of the best political speakers for India of all-time. Life: Sarojini s poem Life defines what life truly is after the bliss of ignorance one experiences as a child. She begins by explaining that a child s perception of life is a lovely stalactite of dreams, which symbolizes a child s natural expectation that everything they want or need will be handed to them from their parents or guardians. Like the dripping of the stalactite, a parent drips money and time into a child s future by providing their needs and wants for them. Sarojini then continues by calling life as seen by a child a carnival of careless joys, similar to when a child receives a new colorful toy, but it is soon forgotten by other new things they receive. In the end of her description of a child s view of life, she says About your hearts like billows on the deep, in flames of amberShow MoreRelatedCivil Disobedience And Its Effect On Society998 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign cloth, picketing of liquor shops, and rent withholding. Other issues came to the fore in the campaign as w ell, such as Hindu-Muslim unity and an attack on the caste system (Kurtz).† Gandhi was imprisoned for almost year. During that time Sarojini Naidu took over the protest with an iron fist. When Gandhi was released he signed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and ended the march. The Pact declared peace between the Indians and British. The pact did not make Gandhi’s minimum requirements though. The marchRead MoreRole of Women in India Freedom5428 Words   |  22 PagesLakshmibai Biography......... The first name that comes to mind is that of the famous Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi. Dressed in men’s clothes, she led her soldiers to war against the British. Even her enemies admired her courage and daring. She fought valiantly and although beaten she refused to surrender and fell as a warrior should, fighting the enemy to the last. Her remarkable courage inspired many men and women in India to rise against the alien rule. ....Jhansi Ki Rani Lakshmibai Biography.......Read MoreGandhi vs Genghis Khan2439 Words   |  10 Pagesthe west coast, there to prepare salt in symbolic violation of British law. These were populist movements in which people from all classes and all parts of India participated with great fervour. Women too, played an active role in the struggle. Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali and Bhikaji Cama, to name but a few, inspired millions of others to take the first step on the road to emancipation and equality. In August 1942, the Quit India movement was launched. I want freedom immediately, this very nightRead MoreQuaid E Azam7455 Words   |  30 Pagesafter Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 1.1 Years in England 1.2 Western influences on personal life 1.3 Return to India 2 Early political career 3 Fourteen points 4 Leader of the Muslim League 5 Founding of Pakistan 6 Jinnahs vision for Pakistan 7 Governor-General 8 Illness and death 9 Legacy 10 Criticism 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links [edit]Early life Jinnah in his youth, in traditional dress. Jinnah was born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai (Gujarati:Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPerspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian

Essay about The History of Windmills - 952 Words

All day working, for what? In a couple years there will be an invention to do it in a couple of seconds. Every second someone’s imagination is working to make life easier. One of the most unappreciated inventions in technology is the windmill or wind turbine. You may wonder how the windmill has affected life as it is today or if it has even affected it. To answer this, you’ll have to look at the history of windmills. Early sailors were the first ones conceptualize the windmill. They were able to imagine what wind power could do, but did not have the knowledge of resources to explain the logic or physics behind the windmill, they just had the concept. But nonetheless with time, the idea of wind power then evolved to form the†¦show more content†¦Green energy is becoming more popular in society. â€Å"The future is green energy, sustainability, renewable energy,† said by Arnold Schwarzenegger. Many of Americas leaders believe that green energy is t he direction this country should lean towards, but why such a great push? It is believe that the push for green energy will clean the air that we breath and help rebuild the ozone layer. The use of wind power and solar energy is the direction this country should be moving towards, but why hasn’t it been implemented in our lives? The nonrenewable resources that is burned to put on a light in our house is not pushing us in the right direction. Since we know that green energy is the way to go, why do we continue to go in the direction of fossil fuels? One of the reasons is money. â€Å"A 10 kilowatt machine (the size needed to power a large home) might have an installed cost of $50,000-$80,000 or more depending on the tower type, height, and the cost of installation. Oftentimes there are taxes and other incentives that can dramatically reduce the cost of a wind project,† at Wind Industry. The cost of a windmill isn’t something the average American can even af ford, therefore it is not an option as an energy source. Then I wonder why are Great American Leaders pushing towards it. Many scientist believe that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels. This has caused a hole in the ozone layer,Show MoreRelatedAnimal Farm: An Allegory of Russian History Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm is an allegory of the period in Russian history between 1917 and 1944. It is a satirical story written in the form of an animal fable. In writing Animal Farm as a fable, George Orwell is able to present his subject in simple symbolic terms by treating the development of communism as a story that is taking place on a single farm with talking animals. The characters of Animal Farm represent figures in Russian history during the Russian Revolution. Places, objects, and events of theRead MoreEssay about How Wind Turbine Improved the World894 Words   |  4 PagesWIND TURBINE INTRODUCTION: Windmills are incredible creations that have its importance in our history. Early pioneers utilized windmills for pumping water out of the ground and provide the water for their cattles over a century. Throughout the years, diverse outlines and varieties were made to make the windmill run more effectively. In spite of the fact that there have been many plans made, a large portion of the windmill parts still remained unaltered. Now-a-days the handling of â€Å"Electricity†Read More Windmill Energy is not an Acceptable Energy Source Replacement for California1521 Words   |  7 PagesWindmill Energy is not an Acceptable Energy Source Replacement for California Abstract Windmill energy is an old form of energy that is now being modernized to generate electricity in our society today. The big question is whether or not it is a feasible replacement of energy for California. Through research it has been concluded that energy for California cannot be produced only by windmill energy. It can produce about 50% of California’s energy. All aspects including, location, cost, and environmentRead MoreDeclaration of Independence from My Parents1033 Words   |  5 Pagesstrength to the prosperity of the farm and adopting as a personal maxim the affirmation â€Å"I will work harder.† Themes: The Corruption of Socialist Ideals in the Soviet Union Animal Farm is most famous in the West as a stinging critique of the history and rhetoric of the Russian Revolution. Retelling the story of the emergence and development of Soviet communism in the form of an animal fable, Animal Farm allegorizes the rise to power of the dictator Joseph Stalin. In the novella, the overthrowRead MoreThe Harsh Time Of The Russian Revolution906 Words   |  4 PagesThe harshest time in Russian history came to life between the animals of Animal Farm. The Russians had four harsh leaders over a eight year period. Joseph Stalin was the worst leader of all he killed them by starving them to death. Another leader is Leon Trotsky. Trotsky believed in Marxism. Trotsky was a man worth listening to he was the second best leader during the Russian Revolution. That brings me to introducing Karl Marx he was the leader after the first leader of the Soviet Union died he cameRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwells792 Words   |  3 PagesBoth pigs struggle with each ot her to maintain influence among the animals. Snowball comes up with the idea to construct a electricity generating windmill to increases the living conditions on the farm, but gets harsh opposition from Napoleon. At the meeting to whether to build the windmill or not. Snowball gives an exceptional speech about the windmill and the benefits. Napoleon gives a short speech, but at the end of his speech he make a strange sequel that summons nine attack dogs; the dogs thatRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell974 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause they did not achieve their goals. In Animal Farm, Orwell gives a picture of those hardworking animals work for the windmill. They pinch and screw in order to save more outlay for building the windmill. However, the windmill is destroyed by human. And this pain is known only by those real trier. There is no guarantee of outcomes for those animals to work hard for the windmills. Orwell alludes the audience that human weakness to be unable to secure fav orable outcomes. Since animals did not gainRead MoreGeorge Orwell‚Äà ´s Animal Farm: The Rise of Communism1207 Words   |  5 Pagesleaders: Napoleon and Snowball, for example, are figurations of Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, respectively. He expresses the anthropomorphic characters of farm animals, and major events in Animal Farm such as the Rebellion and the construction of the windmill, reminiscent of the Russian Revolution and the â€Å"Five-Year Plans†. Orwell also uses many techniques to describe the crucial points in Animal Farm by metaphoric language and allegorical means which explains many symbolisms and the relationship of eachRead MoreWind Energy and Turbines659 Words   |  3 Pageswind can produce electricity through a turbine or windmill. A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power. (â€Å"Wind Turbine†) In order for a wind turbine to work there are many properties that must be present such a s: wind, wind speed, location with the right wind, as well as other characteristics that come to play such as short and long term fluctuations and the distribution of wind direction. History of Wind Energy Now that you know what wind energyRead MoreRenewable Energy: Wind Power Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesrecorded history, people had the ability to use wind as a source of energy. Wind power was been used to propel boats along rivers as early as 5000 B.C. At 200 B.C., China used windmills to pump water, while in Persia and the Middle East used vertical-axis windmills with woven reed sails were grinding grain. (history-wind-energy, energy.gov) Eventually, discoveries for wind energy became vast. Plethora of ideas developed. During the 11th century, the Middle Easterners used the windmills for food production

Changing Family Patterns And Family Life Essay - 1502 Words

What is family? This is a question that the United States government has had to define and redefine on a regular basis. Are two women living together? Is a man living alone with his son a family? A single teenage mom? Siblings living together? A husband and wife with no children? Roommates who are living with each other but only have a monetary and living space connection? What do we define as a family? Is the legal definition of a family the same as a single person’s definition of family? We consider an adopted child to be part of a family, but only after a lengthy legal process that can tear families apart in the process. The definition of family is ever changing and ever evolving. From Kathleen Gerson and Stacy Torres essay Changing Family Patterns and Family Life, Katherine Schulten’s article on the changing definitions of family, Arlie Russell Hochschild’s The Second Shift, and The American Family by Stephanie Koontz, all have different definitions of family . The definition of family, being defined as those adopted, those blood related, related by marriage, or by similar traditions and values, changes from century to century and person to person. The family is defined as a group of people who are very close emotionally to each other, often having lived together for a long time and have shared values and traditions, but also a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household, which is designed to be suitable for children as well as adults.Show MoreRelatedFamily health assessment1382 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Family Health Assessment Grand Canyon University: NRS-429 November 24, 2013 Family Health Assessment As nurses it is essential to use appropriate tools to assess individuals, families, and communities. Throughout this paper the writer used The Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns as a guide to assess a family. This family included a mother, a father, one son, four daughters, and two grandsons. The writer developed two to three open minded, family focused questions forRead MoreMaintaining Family Ties Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Maintaining family ties As you read this chapter, you may find yourself looking for some magic formula, some specific set of communication patterns or skills that will enable you family to reach the zenith of family life. You should know by now that you won’t encounter any such formula in this book. The interpersonal communication patterns that leat to success or failure are many, and their creation and variety should by a source of celebration as much as sorrow.in fact many family therapists andRead MoreMy Family As An Integral Part Of Daily Living818 Words   |  4 PagesMy family created meaning in the world they lived through spiritual means. For my family, purpose in life is based chiefly on spiritual affiliations and religious interactions in the church among Christians. That is to say, for my family, spirituality and faith in God are what gave purpose to life. Principles and practices of faith were an integral part of daily living. Life has a purpose when one serves God by doing His will. Pr inciples included loving others, being kind, helping those in need,Read MoreHow A Family Is Defined In Australian Context Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesA family is typically defined as â€Å"any of our immediate social groups within which we feel a strong sense of friendship, bonding or belonging.† In the Australian context, this is essentially true. A family in the Australian context is more than just â€Å"Mum, Dad and the two kids,† but is the people you are or feel closely related to. As well as this, a family must be made up of more than one person. In the Australian context families normally live together, so for the rest of this folio I will be assumingRead MoreEssay on Changing Work Patterns1336 Words   |  6 PagesChanging Work Patterns If the workplace of today could be characterized by a single theme, it would most likely focus on the continual presence of change. Dramatic changes in technology, the marketplace and the workforce have compelled organizations to re-evaluate not only the competitiveness of their products, but also the core ways in which work is performed. It is out of this pursuit for continued survival that organizations have been faced with the notion of varying work-schedules beyond theRead MoreThe Changing Patterns Of Education And Youth Labor Market1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthey were 20 years ago. Many of these changes are direct results of labor-market restructuring, workplace reorganizations, and changing educational demand† (Lehmann 2004, 380). The changing patterns of education and youth labor market also accounts for this increase. Changes to the economy and the skills necessary to enter the labor force have changed not only the patterns of education but also the trajectories of young adults during and after education. This transition is increasingly difficultRead MoreMedia Use and Media Consumption in the Home Environment Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased media research into consumption in an everyday context, addressing the domestic, the family and its contribution to daily life. The importance can be displayed through the centrality of the position of the television and how the arrangement of a living room is commonly based around this. According to David Morely (1986) patterns of television consumption can only be understood through the context of ‘family leisure activity’ (Schroder, Drotner, Kline, Murray, 2003: 8). Therefore in order to discussRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1375 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Using Gordon’s functional health patterns to assess a family will guide the nurse in developing a comprehensive nursing assessment that is holistic in nature. Gordon’s functional health patterns are founded on 11 principles that are incorporated within the nursing practice. These 11 principles serve as a framework for a thorough nursing assessment in which to build a holistic and individual family care plan (Grand Canyon University, 2011). The author has developed family-focusedRead MoreEssay about The Modern Canadian Family1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canadian family has been changing drastically over the 20th century. The definition of family has changed, along with the functions of families. Many modern families have veered from what we once considered the tradition family. This essay will discuss the different types of newly developed families, and some factors contributing to this change. Same-sex couples are increasing among families. In 2001, the definition of census family was changed to incorporate same-sex couples whom live inRead MoreQuestions and Answers on Family Therapy Techniques735 Words   |  3 PagesSalvador Minuchin, believes that problems that the individuals evidence stem from the fact that problems occur within the family unit itself and that the family is divided into several component parts. To address these problems the therapist, as it were, therefore steps into he family unit, becomes a part of it and intervenes. His doing so not only enables him to see the family patterns form the inside; thereby understanding faults of fission but also enable him to practice therapy. 2) One paragraph

The Primary Duty Of A Surgeon Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Primary Duty Of A Surgeon. Answer: Paediatric Preoperative care: The primary duty of a surgeon after entering the Operation Theatre or OT, is studying the patient and their clinical account. The initial patient observation is based on visual perception; this helps us gather general overview about the patients health such as state of consciousness, breathing pattern, pigmentation, and body temperature (Yentis et al. 2009). More importantly, post-operative survival rate depends on the initial assessment of the distressed patients before operation (McFadyen et al. 2012). If this issue arises, the change of pigmentation and body temperature of the affected area will signify blockage of blood circulation to the limb, as a result, the patients pulse could be checked accordingly. The Royal College of Nursing RCN recommends that, OT surgeons and nursing staffs should be skilled enough to recognise the ailing patient (Royal College of Nursing RCN 2013). The College of Operation Department Practitioners CODP states that surgeons play an important role in analyzing, devising and delivering the services required in an OT. Observation of a recognizable bruise on the head of a patient should be considered as a possible brain injury from trauma and the patient should be subjected to CT scan immediately. The recommendation provided by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE 2014) states that it is the duty of the OT surgeon to make sure that the scan is thoroughly completed and make further observation to check for abnormalities like; dizziness, memory-loss, spasm to detect any potential head injury or major/minor skull rupture, and report immediately. The TBI patient should be subjected to clinical observation for at least 2 days post damage and monitoring for blood and intracranial pressure is important. Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland recommends that if the pre-operational vaccine was not activated the surgery should be postponed for 48 hours after the administration of the vaccine, for which it is essential to check the immunisation history (APAGBI 2007). The British Medical Association (BMA) suggests that the consent form is to be passed on to only the person who signed the form in the reception desk (BMA 2000). Adolescent and underage patients who are unable to sign the consent form should be accompanied by a parent or guardian who can responsibly sign on behalf of them, as recommended by the National Health Services (NHS). In case of separated parents, the custodial parent or the parent with a legal permission or either parents legal partner may have the ability to sign the consent form on behalf of the minor, according to the norms of the Department of Health (DH 2006). The patient if in case is a minor, using the Gillick competency assessment can be analyzed whether he is consciously mature enough to understand the severity of his condition and consequences of the surgery (Griffith 2013). In the given case the patient seems to be in distress and indifferent to the surrounding and succumbed to crying which may oppose the Gillick competency. Fasting time before the surgery is an important issue in emergency cases which is to be taken seriously and reviewed with the respondent nurse in the respective department. This step is important to avoid the ascending of digestive materials during anaesthetic conditions. (Maltby 2006). It is recommended by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland AAGBI (2010) the individual healthcare facilities should have their own policies regarding Fasting time. According to RCN, medications prior to operation do not react with the fasting recommendations. Even in cases with children with supra-condylar fracture issues are recommended fasting (RCN 2005). A survey on 399 children with supra-condylar fracture surgery was studied and found that delay in surgery due to fasting did not complicate the outcome of the surgery in any way (Larson et al. 2013). Nevertheless, the research team suggests more in depth study that will establish the beneficial effects of intervention during supra-condylar fracture surgery. A different controlled study performed by Kronner and his has reflected postponement of supra-condylar fracture surgery in minors did not affect the outcome of the procedure (Kronner et al. 2013). Nowadays, practitioners administer fasting time, approximately 18 hours before the surgery (Absug and Herman 2012). Engagement with patient and their family is essential after the patient is checked into the OT. Self introduction is important to ensure effective communication with the patient party (Health and Care Professions Council HCPC 2012). Decreasing the preoperative nervousness of minor patients is important and surgeons should effectively communicate to ensure that (Murphy and Taylor 1999). Parents of the minor undergoing surgery should be informed about the surgery, the type of anaesthesia administered and the post operational pain treatment that will be commenced. Some minors show high levels anxiety and demoralised condition before surgery (Li and Lopez 2006). Details of the anaesthetic procedure, pain of the surgery should be kept from the minor as they show signs of anxiety and the family will be in distress (Smith and Callery 2005). Attractive informative flyers can be handed out to them. In the given case, since the minor is under stress, sympathetic engagement is important to assess his condition. Effective communication engagement is an important skill possessed by nurses and practitioners to make sure that patient and his family does not succumb to pain and address any issue immediately (RCN 2012). The biological parents were absent in case of the minors surgery, the severity of the childs outcome could not be foretold. Support from the parents or guardians during surgery should always be encouraged. If such situation is faced where the parents are unavailable, a staff should be assigned to the minor at all times to distract the child from anxiety or meet their needs (RCN 2011). The minor is this case, as directed by the mothers partner had fallen from a slide, showed multiple bruises and scars apart from his injury, which raises suspicion of physical abuse. Professional and moral duties of the surgeon prohibit them to take legal actions in these cases (HCPC 2012) , but the assigned doctor can express concern or query if deemed necessary and a team of doctors can be consulted for this case and a vigilant nursing staff should be assigned to the minor to ensure child protection by the Royal College of Paediatric and Child Health (RCPH 2008). Local authorities can be informed so that evaluation of the childs suspected abuse can be done and commence legal action under the child protection act (Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010). Protection of the welfare and health of the possibly abused minor is recommended by the Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCOA) and Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (APAGBI) in 2010. Intra-operational Paediatric care: The injury treatment procedure of supra-condylar fracture in case of trauma care patient is important segments to be considered, starting from anaesthesia, pain managing, homeostatic stability, and breathing control for minors (McFadyen et al. 2012). All required equipments should be made ready before the administration of anaesthesia to the minor (Gwinnutt 2008). Patient safety can be ensured by controlling the breathing of the minor during anaesthesia (Benumof and Klock 2007). Depending on the anatomy of the minor the surgeon should prepare various breathing device to avoid troubles during intubation (Finucane et al. 2011). The most common breathing device used for minors are Non-cuffed Endotracheal Tubes (ETT). Emergency drugs like atropine or succinyl-choline should be kept ready beforehand. In case, the child shows reluctant intravascular access, the anaesthesia can be administered through inhalation. Short trachea in children may hinder auscultation, which is why checking the p osition of the ETT is important (Hagberg et al. 2007). Accidental displacement of the ETT can be avoided by immobilising the tube (Hagberg et al. 2007). A newer approach to breathing management is rapid sequence intubation (RSI), utilizing a step by step approach to preparation, sedation, and paralysis which substantially minimizes patients consciousness (Ahcmedia.com 2014). There are three steps involved in Pain management: pre, intra, and post operative methods. Using pain management and assessing tools is important to evaluate the severity of the pain (APAGBI 2012). Lowering of the anxiousness and inhibiting the health deterioration of the minor is important in managing pain. Immobilizing or relaxing the minor can be effective in pain managing service. The response towards pain varies with every child, which makes it difficult to evaluate. The different tools for Pain assessment are implemented, like Face, Legs, Activity, cry, and Consolability (FLACC) used for children under 7 and above 2 years (McFadyen et al. 2012). Preoperative pain scales are also used in cases where the minor is unable to express the severity of the pain. This form of patient service is offered at the emergency unit by distracting the child with playing materials and non-clinical techniques, like showing an animated movie. Administration of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce chances of opioid based medicines (APAGBI 2012). Blocking the peripheral nerves is an effective method to reduce pain. Marinating the homeostatic stability of the minor is essential and can be administered by controlling the fluid intake and temperature control in OT (Vincent et al. 2011). Loss of blood from the injured area can be inhibited to ensure blo od volume of the patient is up to threshold limit. Recommendations from APAGBI show that hypotonic fluids prepared with 4% dextrose and 0.18% salt is effective in such conditions (APAGBI 2007). The preferred solutions for intra operative fluid administration are isotonic solutions and Ringers Lactate (Vincent et al. 2011). Observations should be made if patient seems dehydrated and the issue is solved by checking vital signs (APAGBI 2010). Thermal regulations and management policies are provided to healthcare facilities which can be addressed in these cases to maintain the temperature (Bernardo et al. 1999). Administrator of anaesthesia should skilled enough to understand the clinical symptoms the minor may exude. The assigned nurse or doctor should be prepared to administer thermal heating tools, fluid and blood channelling conditions. If any such situation arises, pair-huggers, warming mattresses should be provided to avoid hypothermic conditions. Pain Management: According to the Guidelines of RCN, scheduled check-ups should contain a separate pain assessing segment to ensure that the child is properly diagnosed. The faces scale technique can be utilised to evaluate the pain of a child less than 7 years of age in the room where they recover (RCN 2009). A recent practice common amongst paediatric practitioners is using the cream for anaesthesia, like EMLA before administering intravenous cannula (Debeer and Lockie 2008). Analgesic medicines should be kept close in case of emergency during surgical procedure (Howard 2008). Generally, using opioid and NSAID based pain relief medicines are administered after the completion of the surgery (Howard 2008). A brachial plexus block method can be implemented to lower the pain levels and stress after surgery (Fiadjoe et al. 2013). A secondary, intraclavicular instead of supraclavicular block can be carried out (Marhofer et al. 2008). Children with a case of nerve blocks in the periphery, ultrasound guidance shloud be implemented so that post operative complication are lowered and patient safety is ensured (Fiadjoe et al. 2013). The Psychosocial Care of Children in Hospital: Separate setting for adults and children is recommended by the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE 2007). It is important to set up the care facility and provide services, both according to the need of the child as well as their family (Department of Health 2003). The NHS has framed a set of guidelines to follow during such situations. Interdepartmental as well as inter agency connection is important to maintain the working flow of the care facility, if such issue arises where the child may need help from social work organizations. The child health unit of the care facility is expected to have the best possible service (RCSE 2007), where presence of minimum one assigned nursing staff at all times. Since I am an OPD myself, my paediatric training is limited to a certain extent, but fluency of information among the patient, assigned doctors, nurses and their family is very important to avoid confusion and child harming. Children are better provided age appropriate information for protection (Cunnington 2008). Parents or guardians are allowed to stay with the minor patient in the anaesthesia and recovery room (RCSE 2007). Studies have shown many psychological recompense when a parent or guardian is allowed to reside with the child patient instead of allowing them to visit at scheduled timings (Priddis and Shields 2011). Children have shown symptoms of anxiety and distress in absence of their closed ones with regards to the Attachment theory. Presence of a figure that the children are attached to makes them feel safe, this practice should be allowed (Priddis and Shields 2011). If the mother is unavailable, then the person who is second closest to the child should be allowed. Analysis of various research articles have shown the different psychological responses a child exudes after admission into the hospital are segregated in two three broad categories: ecological (family and hospital atmosphere), biological (sex, personality, clinical symptoms) and lastly development and cognitive functions (brain development, previous incident and coping mechanism). Studies have shown the importance of survival mechanism and plan of action that children utilize in the daily life to deal with stress is correlated with the genetic traits that define a childs character, like vigilant-active or avoidant-reactive (Vessey 2003). Similar survival instincts are seen when a child is ill and ailing (Ryan and Wenger 1996). Therefore, it is essential to gather knowledge about the childs survival instincts from previous experiences. Legal and Ethical Issues: The case study provided is an example of typical injury occurring from falling down from a height in children (Kemp et al. 2008). The problem is that the child has visible bruises and scars that are a result of possible physical maltreatment. In terms of ethics, beyond medical qualification, the safety of a child overrides, professional boundaries (RCPCH 2007). It the responsibility of the assigned healthcare staff to ensure that the child is safeguarded in the hospital premises (RCPCH 2010). In case of the given case study it is advised to contact a local child protection or social working organization , who may be able to provide the child proper protection they require (NHS 2012). The intercollegiate safeguard guidelines, state that assigned nurses and doctors are expected to provide level 2 competence (RCPCH 2010). These guidelines included state, recognition of signs of child abuse and reporting that incident to a higher authority and keeping written account of the incident to help with potential police investigative procedure. Clear distinction between assumption and clinical proof is important in this case. Intuitive conclusions should be taken without any proof of the incidence and every person should be held accountable without guilt during investigative procedure. A senior with level 3 expertise should be contacted for advice regarding the matter (RCA 2012). Proof of hypothesis should be investigated without relying on visual observations and the child can be questioned to make a statement regarding the truth of the issue. In case the child needs to make a statement, the responsible parent of guardian must be informed to gather their consent. The case c an be taken to the local police station or court depending on the childs statement to take legal action (RCPCH 2007). Consent of the parent should always be collected in both cases on emergency and non-emergency (Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety 2003). If the above mentioned Gillick competence method fails to prove the childs mental maturity, the child cannot provide consent for themselves (Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety 2003). In case of absence of biologiocal parents of the child, the legal partner cannot provide consent on behalf of the child without legal permission; in this case, the biological mothers partner. In case where the delay in operation is predicted either of the biological parents needs to be contacted as soon as possible. Protection of privacy and confidentiality is a duty of the assigned medical practitioner and information should be withheld from unknown parties, unless a case demands legal action or investigation with respect to the childs safety and well being (RCPCH 2007).